The Ebola virus belongs to the family of filoviruseswhich includes viruses to the characteristic filamentousappearance. Fruit bats in the pteropodidae family arelikely to be the natural reservoir of the virus, but othermammals can be infected. In humans and otherprimates, it causes the disease Ebola virus, and hascaused several epidemics. This disease, for which thereis no proven treatment, has a fatality rate that canreach 90% in humans.
"Highly pathogenic", this virus must be handled withinP4 (or BSL-4) laboratories, designed to prevent the riskof contamination by accident or as a result of maliciousacts (bioterrorism).
Taxonomy
The Ebola virus belongs to genus Ebolavirus family offiloviruses, to which also belongs the Marburg virus.
We know five virus distincts4, 6, the ICTV attachedeach to one of the five species of the genus Ebolavirus.However, the taxonomy of filoviruses is recent andcontinues to evolve through phylogenetic advances,hence relative confusion between different namesaccording to the authors7. Use in laboratories madeEbola virus a synonymous with designation of theEbolavirus genus divided into five subtypes of virus8, 9,while the nomenclature adopted by the ICTV, makingof Ebola virus of the type species of the genusEbolavirus, has not yet been ratified.
The name of the viral species approved by the ICTVhas changed significantly since the identification ofthese virus10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Can be distinguished:
the Ebola virus itself (EBOV), of the species (formerlyZEBOV) Zaire ebolavirus, or subtype Ebola Zaire,identified for the first time in 1976 in the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo16, then called Zaire - it is themost virulent of five viruses, responsible for theepidemic of 2014 in Africa of the Ouest17;
virus Sudan (SUDV), of the species (formerly SEBOV)Sudan ebolavirus, or subtype Ebola Sudan, endemic tosouthern Sudan and Uganda;
the virus Reston (RESTV), of the species (formerlyREBOV) Reston ebolavirus, or Ebola Reston subtype,identified in 1983 in the Reston area, to the United States;
the virus forest of Tai (TAFV), of ebolavirus Taï forest,formerly ebolavirus Côte d'Ivoire (CIEBOV), or subtypeEbola forest de Taï (or even Ebola Cote d'Ivoire),identified in 1994 in the national park of Taï, Côted'Ivoire, on the borders of Guinea and Liberia;
virus Bundibugyo (BDBV), of the species (formerlyBEBOV) Bundibugyo ebolavirus, or subtype EbolaBundibugyo, identified in 2008 in the region ofBundibugyo, Uganda.
The pathogenic nature of the different filoviruses, whether it is of the genus Ebolavirus or theMarburgvirus genus, is very similar to the extent thatthese viruses have been associated with outbreaks ofhemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates withidentical symptoms. They differ however from thegenetic point of view, with a nucleotide sequence which may range from 30 to 40% from one strain to another,resulting in a very different severity betweenpathologies induced these different virus - lethality in humans can be null in humans for the Reston virus,but approaching 90% for Ebola virus - althoughenvironmental factors may also explain thesedifferences.
The Reston virus was isolated in 1989 in macaquescrabbers in the Philippines. Present in China, it is lesspathogenic in non-human primates and thought that it did not affect humans until it identifies porktransmission to humans in 2009.
The Bundibugyo virus, discovered in 2008, more akinto the forest of tai4 virus, but was more virulent thanthe latter.
Written by Unknown
We are Creative Blogger Theme Wavers which provides user friendly, effective and easy to use themes. Each support has free and providing HD support screen casting.
.jpg)
.jpg)
0 commentaires:
Enregistrer un commentaire